Nội dung bài viết
Quyền sở hữu nhà từ lâu đã được coi là nền tảng của Giấc mơ Mỹ vì nó giúp xây dựng sự giàu có một cách đáng tin cậy. Nhưng nghiên cứu mới cho thấy cơ hội mua được nhà của bạn có thể phụ thuộc một phần vào thứ nằm ngoài tầm kiểm soát của bạn: sự giàu có của cha mẹ bạn.
To examine the factors that influence what economists refer to as "wealth mobility," researchers from the U.S. Census Bureau and Carnegie Mellon University analyzed IRS tax records, Census data and property ownership records for 3.4 million families.
The analysis then tracked the children born to those families — kids born between 1978 and 1986, or the youngest Gen Xers and youngest millennials — and whether they were able to buy a home between 2019 and 2021, when they were between 34 and 42 years old.
Một phát hiện quan trọng là việc sở hữu nhà phụ thuộc nhiều vào tài sản của cha mẹ hơn là thu nhập của người lớn, đặc biệt là ở thị trường nhà ở đắt đỏ.
Even people who significantly increase their income over their careers are less likely to own a home if their parents were renters than those with homeowner parents.
"Even if children grow up to earn about the same amount as adults, those with wealthier parents have higher homeownership rates and more valuable homes when they do own homes," Max Risch, one of the paper's co-authors and an economist at Carnegie Mellon University, told CBS News.
He added, "The opportunity to achieve this American dream is more dependent on how wealthy your parents are than we might like." Economists have long focused on income mobility, including influential work by Harvard economist Raj Chetty, but wealth mobility has received less attention, Risch said.
The new research suggests income mobility alone does not fully explain economic outcomes because wealth — which tends to persist across generations — shapes opportunities in ways earnings alone may not.
The researchers didn't examine why children of homeowners are more likely to become property owners themselves. But parents who own homes may have greater financial flexibility to help with down payments or provide other resources, Risch said.
The wealth gap between homeowners and renters is sizable. Homeowners had a median net worth of $396,000 in 2022, versus $10,400 for renters, according to the Federal Reserve's most recent Survey of Consumer Finances.
Wealth can influence a khả năng của gia đình để mua nhà, trả tiền học đại học hoặc để lại tài sản thừa kế a. Risch nói: chỉ có thể là không đủ, đặc biệt là trong thị trường bất động sản đắt đỏ.
"When we think about opportunity, we should consider not only income and earnings, but the opportunity to purchase a home to build assets — maybe purchase the type of home that you wanted that gives you other opportunities to build wealth," he added.
The study also looked at geographic differences in wealth mobility, finding that it's tougher for poor children to grow up to become homeowners in expensive U.S. regions, including parts of California and cities such as Boston, New York and Seattle.
Nghiên cứu mới cho thấy sự dịch chuyển của cải mạnh nhất ở các vùng Trung Tây và Đông Nam, nơi giá nhà thấp hơn và lượng tồn kho cao hơn.
The findings suggest a tradeoff facing many Americans: move to pricier cities with stronger job markets and higher wages, or remain in lower-cost regions where homeownership is more attainable but professional opportunities may be more limited. Risch nói: “Đây là những sự đánh đổi khá khó khăn.
"It might mean you have to live in a place that wasn't necessarily the place that you want to live — you have to rent for longer than you would like — to continue access to that incom e." The surge in housing prices since 2021, after the study period, suggests parental wealth may become even more important for homeownership, Risch said.
"House prices are growing faster than median incomes, and we find that when these house prices are increasing faster, it increases this intergenerational inequality of housing," he said. "It could get worse."
Gợi ý thực hành:
1. Theo dõi thông báo từ cơ quan địa phương tại California.
2. Kiểm tra nguồn chính thức trước khi chia sẻ lại thông tin.